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European Union Marshall plan was launched under which America extended massive financial help for reviving Europe's economy. Under the Marshall plan the organization for European economic cooperation (OEEC)was established in 1948 to channel aid  to the west European states. The council of Europe, stablished in 1949 was another step forward in political cooperation. Next step lead to the formation of European economic community in 1957. European union established in 1992, for a common foreign and security policy cooperation on justice and home affairs and the creation of single currency. EU has its own Flag ,anthem ,founding date and currency. The EU has economic ,political and diplomatic and military influence. The EU is the world's biggest economy with a GDP of more than $ 12 trillion in 2005, slightly larger than USA. EU currency the euro ,can pose  threat to the dominance of the US dollar. EU share of World Trade is three times larger than that of the  of United States. Two members of EU , Britain and France, hold permanent seat on the UN security council ,as well as several  non-permanent members of the UNSC. Military, the EU 's combined armed  are the second largest in the world .Its Total spending on defense is second after the US. EU members, Britain and France also have nuclear  arsenals of approximately 550 nuclear warheads. But sometime EU member state have their own foreign policy which did not favour EU interest for example Britain PM Tony Blair was America's  partner in the Iraq invasion. Many  EU  newer member made of the US led  coalition of the willing where as Germany and France opposed American policy. Britain former Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher kept  the UK out of the EU market. Denmark and Sweden has resisted the Maastricht Treaty, and the adoption of the euro. Thus, this  limits the ability of the EU to act in  matters of foreign relations and defense. Flag of EU The European flag symbolizes both the European Union and, more broadly, the identity and unity of Europe. It features a circle of 12 gold stars on a blue background. They stand for the ideals of unity, solidarity and harmony among the peoples of Europe. ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations Established:-1976. (five)Founder countries :- Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand Existence :- After Bangkok Declaration ASEAN Flag : 10 stalk ( paddy) rice. (solidarity and friendship) Circle symbolise unity Objectives of ASEAN Three Pillars 1.ASEAN security community:- Territorial dispute should not escalate into armed confrontations. 2. ASEAN economic community:- common market production base Free Trade Area Dispute Settlement mechanism to resolve economic disputes. 3. ASEAN Socio- cultural Community:- Improving existing ASEAN. Promoting cultural activities and mutual cooperation in the population control, sports and education. ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) [1994] : To coordinate security and foreign policy. PRIMARY OBJ. Economic growth through social progress and cultural development. SECONDARY OBJ. Regional peace and stability based on principles of UN charter. ASEAN WAY :- Countries have celebrated , a form of informal , non- confrontationist and cooperative interaction known as ASEAN Way. ASEAN Vision of 2020 :- Outward looking role in international community The Rise Of Chinese Economy China now turn to the third major alternative center of power. It is projected to overtake the US as the world's largest economy by 2040 .China influence regional affairs. The strength of its economy along with factors like population, land mass, resources , regional location and political influence add  to its power in significant ways. The China economic was based on the Soviet model under leadership of Mao. And China chose to adopt capitalist model to establish  the foundation of an industrial economy. Employment and social welfare was assured to all citizen. the economy also grew at the respectable rate of 5-6 %. Annual growth of  2-3% in population was not sufficient to meet the needs of growing population. Agricultural  production was not sufficient to generate a surplus for industry. In China major policy decision taken in 1970s. China ended  its political and economic isolation with the USA in 1972. Premier Zhou Enlai proposed the 'four modernizations ' ( agricultural ,industry, science and technology and military)  in 1973. In 1978, the leader Deng Xiaoping  announced the 'open door' policy and economic reforms in China. To generate higher productivity by investment of capital and technology from abroad open door policy were  introduced. The privatization of agriculture in 1982 followed by the privatization of industry 1998. Trade barriers were eliminated only in special economic zone (SEZs). Privatization led to the faster economic growth rate and rise in foreign trade. China has become the most important destination for foreign direct investment( FDI) anywhere in the world. Another step towards opening was China accession to the WTO in 2001 . But this economy improvement has created many problems such as :- Unemployment has rise nearly 100 million people looking for jobs . Poor  females employment and working condition. environmental degradation and corruption has increased . Rise in economic inequality between rural and urban residents. INDIA CHINA Relation Military conflict over a border dispute between the two countries in 1962 ( Arunachal Pradesh and in the Aksai chin region of Ladakh) Chinese takeover of Tibet in 1950 and the final settlement of  the Sino and Indian border. Diplomatic relation between two countries were downgraded until 1976. A series of talks to resolve the border issue in were  initiated in 1981. Rajiv Gandhi visit to China in December 1988 to improve the Indo China relations. Since the both Government have taken measure to contain conflict  and maintain 'peace and tranquility on the border, signed  agreement on culture exchanges and cooperation in science and technology ,and opened  for border posts for trade. Bilateral trade between India and China has increased from $338 million in 1992 to more than $18 billion in 2006. Both countries adopted similar economic policies in international economic institutions like the WTO. China was seen as contributing to the build up of Pakistan's  nuclear programme. Thus, increasing transportation  and communication links, common economic interests  establish a more positive and sound relationship between  the two. BRICS The term BRICS refers to B Brazil R Russia I India C China S South Africa Was Founded In 2006 In Russia BRIC  turned into BRICS after the inclusion of South Africa in its first meeting in 2009 Objective To cooperate and distribute mutual economic benefits among its members besides non- interference in the internal policies of each nation and mutual equality. 11th conference of BRICS in Brazil chaired by Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro. RUSSIA Largest part of Soviet union was Russia . Dissolution of USSR ,led Russia the strong successor of USSR Russia 's GDP is currently 11th in the world with 2.3 % annual change (2018) Russia has reserves of minerals ,natural resources and gases that makes it a powerful country in the global world Russia is a nuclear state with huge stock of sophisticated weapons and permanent member of UN security council, called P-5. INDIA Emerging global power Rising in multinational way Population of 130 crores Growing alternative center of power in 21st century 5th most important military in world From an economic perspective ,India targeting the goal of a $5 trillion economy ,a competitive huge market From a strategic perspective, the military of India is self sufficient with indigenous nuclear technology. Make in India scheme in technology and science is another milestone of Indian economy. ISRAEL Emerged as one of the most powerful country in terms of  science and technology, defense and intelligence . Situated in middle of the burning politics of West Asian Countries. Factors of emerging power Indomitable defense prowess Technological innovations Industrial development Agricultural development Sustaining against adversity is the principle with a Jewish Zionist nation ,Israel is contemporary alternative center.

INTRODUCTION South Asia usually includes the following countries Bangladesh , Bhutan , Nepal , Pakistan , India and Sri Lanka and Maldives. South Asia stands for diversity in every sense and yet constitutes one geo political sense. Despite many problems and limitations, Sri Lanka and India have successfully operated a democratic system since their independence from the British. Pakistan and Bangladesh have experience both civilians and military rulers , with Bangladesh remaining a democracy in the post cold war period. Pakistan began the post cold war period with successive democratic government under Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif respectively. It suffered a military coup in 1999 and has been run by a military regime since then. Till 2006, Nepal a successful popular uprising led to the Restoration of democracy after constitutional monarchy. Bhutan is still a monarchy but the king has initiated plans for its transition to multiparty democracy. The Maldives (Island nation) was a sultanate till 1968 when it was transformed into a republic with a presidential form of Government. the Maldivian democratic party (MDP), now it has multi party system dominates the political affairs of the island. The Military And Democracy In Pakistan (A) General Ayub Khan (1958) Took over the administration of country Elected himself Gave up office where there was dissatisfaction Again his own rule. (B.)Generally Yahya Khan (military take over once again in 1977) during his time, Pakistan faced Bangladesh crisis 1971. (C) Elected Government Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (1971 - 77) (D) general Zia - ul haq Faced pro-democracy movement (from1982). (E) elected government in 1988 Benazir Bhutto (F) during this time Pakistan politics  centered around Pakistan peoples party and the Muslim league Army step in again in 1999. (G) general Pervez Musharraf Remove PM Nawaz Sharif in 2001 elected himself as president Factors contributing to failure of democracy in Pakistan. Social dominance of military , clergy and landholding aristocracy. Pakistan conflict with India has made the pro military groups more powerful. Thus , Democracy has not been successful in Pakistan Lack of genuine international support for democratic rule in Pakistan. example :- US and other Western countries have increased the military rule for their own reasons ( global Islamic terrorism). Military regime in Pak has been seen as the protector of Western interest in West Asia and South Asia Democracy in Bangladesh Bangladesh was a part of Pakistan from 1947 to 1971 consisted areas of Bengal and Assam. Reasons of separation from Pakistan Domination of Western Pakistan Imposition of Urdu language Unfair representation in administration. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Led the popular struggle against west Pakistan domination. In 1970 election, awami league led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman won all seats in East Pakistan. Proposed constituent assembly for the whole of Pakistan. West Pakistan leadership refused to convene the assembly Mujib was arrested. Thousands were killed by Pakistan army and this year to the war, in 1971 between Pakistan and India that ended in the surrender of Pakistani forces in east Pakistan. and formation of Bangladesh as an independent country. Nepal Nepal was a Hindu Kingdom in the past but later changed into a constitutional monarchy for many years. The king accepted the demand for a new democratic constitution in 1992 after strong pro-democracy movement. There was a conflict among the democrats, Maoists and monarchists forces which led to the abolition of parliament and dismissal of government in 2002 by the king. After a  Pro democratic movement , again in 2006 , the king was forced to restore the house of representatives. Sri Lanka The democratic setup of Sri Lanka was disturbed by the ethnic conflict among the Sinhalese and Tamil origin people. Sinhalese believe the region  of Ceylon belong to Sinhala  people only and not to the Tamils (origin is India). This led to the formation of liberation tiger of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) , a militant organization. The Government of India signed an Accord with Sri Lanka and sent troops to stabilize relations between the Sri Lankan Government and the Tamil. Eventually the Indian army got into a fight with the LTTE later on the Indian peace keeping force IPKF was called out of Sri Lanka in 1989 without achieving it seems. In spite of the ethnic conflict, the economy of Sri Lankan has always been high. India And Its Other Neighbors Neighboring countries of India are Bangladesh, Nepal , Sri Lanka, Pakistan , Bhutan  and Maldives. conflicts between India and Bangladesh include sharing of Ganga and Brahmaputra river water and illegal immigration to India etc. both India and Bangladesh share a cordial relation with each other. Economic relations between the two have improved considerably. Nepal and India shares a friendly relation with each other but certain issues like warm relation of Nepal with China , Maoists movements in Nepal have disturbed the relation. But still both the countries are together on trade, scientific, cooperation, electric generation and inter locking water management. India enjoys a very special relationship with Bhutan too and does not have any major conflict with the Bhutanese government. Peace and cooperation There are certain issues of conflicts among the South Asian countries. The South Asian countries initiated the establishment of South Asian Association for regional cooperation ( SAARC) in 1985 to evolve cooperation among each other. The SAFTA was signed in 2004 by the South Asian countries to allow free trade across the borders. SAFTA aims at lowering trade tariffs by 20% By 2007. However, there has been issues between India and Pakistan, measures were being taken to bring cordial changes between the countries. China and USA remain key players in South Asia politics. Thus, there are also on outside power which influence the region.

DEFINITIONS 1. BIPOLARITY: It is the system of world order in which the majority of global economic , military and cultural influence is held between two states 2. UNIPOLARITY :affairs at international level are dominated by only one superpower. 3. SOCIALISM: socialism is a range of economic and social system characterized by social ownership and democratic control of the mean of production as well as the political theories associated with them example Russia. 4. SHOCK THERAPY: the model of transition from authoritarian and socialist system to a democratic capitalist system in Russia ,Central Asia and East Europe. 5. CAPITALISM: an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. for instance :- US follow ideology of capitalism. SOVIET SYSTEM The union of Soviet socialist republics (USSR) came into being in after the socialist revolution in Russia, 1917. Soviet system gave primary to the state and the institution of the party. Its political system and centered around the communist party, no other was allowed Main feature of Soviet system- i) Very bureaucratic. ii) Authoritarian iii) Equality of outcomes. 15 different republics that formed USSR to manage their own affairs including their cultural affairs, but dominated by Russia Invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 weakened  the system GORBACHEV AND THE DISINTEGRATION Mikhail Gorbachev, last leader of Soviet union introduced the economic and political reforms. During Gorbachev , countries which were  part of the Soviet bloc started to protest against their own Governments and Soviet control. His reforms were opposed by leaders within the communist party. During this time Boris Yeltsin emerged as a national hero. He began to shake off centralized control power begin to shift from Soviet center to the republics. In December 1991 under the leadership of Yeltsin , Russia, Ukraine and Belarus , three Major republics of USSR declared that Soviet union was disbanded. Hence, communist party was banned , capitalism and democracy were adopt as the base for the post -Soviet republic. The exclusion of these republics was an issue that was quickly solved by making them founding members of the CIS (Commonwealth Of Independent State). Now Russia inherited the soviets seat in the UN security council. REASONS OF SOVIET UNION DISINTEGRATION Internal weakness of Soviet political and economic institution. Soviet economic use much of its resources in maintaining a nuclear and military powers led to huge economic burden that system could not cope with. System was not accountable to the people and party bureaucrats gained more privileges than ordinary citizens. The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republic including Russia and the Baltic republics (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) Ukraine, Georgia. Gorbachev reforms increase nationalist dissatisfaction. CONSEQUENCES OF DISINTEGRATION First, end of confrontation demand an end to this arms race and a possible new. Second power relation in world politics changed and therefore, the relative influence of Ideas and institution also changed. Third the end of the Soviet bloc mean the emergence of many new countries all these countries had their own independent aspirations and choices. SHOCK THERAPY AND IT CONSEQUENCES Shock therapy refers to the sudden release of price and currency controlled withdrawal of state subsite and immediate trade liberalization within a country usually also including large scale privatization of previously public on assets. CONSEQUENCES A large state-owned industry were put up for sale at throwaway prices .this was known as the largest garage sale. The value of the ruble (Russian currency) declined. Collective farms was removed with no food security. The old trading structure was broken without any alternative. A new Mafia emerged which try to control economic activities by forces. Privatization widen   the gap between rich and poor. The old system of social welfare was destroyed and the government stop all subsites. TENSIONS AND CONFLICTS In Russia to republics, Chechnya and Dagestan, have had violent secessionist movement. In Central Asia Tajikistan witnessed a civil war that went on for 10 years till 2001. In Georgia, the demand for independence has come from two provinces ,resulting in a civil war. In eastern Europe, Czechoslovakia split peacefully into two with the Czechs and and the Slovaks forming independent countries but the most served conflict took place in the Balkan republics of Yugoslavia INDIA AND POST COMMUNIST COUNTRIES: Indian relation with Russia and an important aspect of Indian foreign policy. More then so, bilateral agreement have been signed between India and Russia as part of the Indo- Russian strategic agreement of 2001. India stand to benefit from its relationship with Russia on issue like Kashmir, energy supply sharing information on international terrorism access to Central Asia etc. Russia stands on benefit for its relationship with India on issues like the assistance of India during its oil crisis India is the second largest market for Russia. Arab Spring It refers to a democratic upspring that arose independently and spread  across the Arab world started in 2009 Origin: Tunisia In December And quickly took hold In Egypt, Libya, Syria, Yemen, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia And Japan. Causes:- Repression of human rights Poverty, no freedom Lots of disparity Press censorship Unemployment When did revolution start? Revolution started in Tunisia and begin with a single man in the markets of Tunisia spread to thousands of demanding political change for entire region. The self-immolation of Muhammad Bouazizi( a common man), this created a sweeping way that respected none of the artificial drawn borders in the Muslim world. The Role Of Hosni Mubarak is it was brought to an end after days of mass protest. Tunisia is the only country where the revolutionaries outwitted the counter revolutionaries. This country transitioned to a  multiparty democracy. Middle East crisis of Afghanistan On 11 in September 2001 ,attacks in America killed nearly 3,000 people Osama bin Laden the head of Islamic terror group Al-Qaeda was identified as a man responsible. The Taliban, Radical Islamist who ran Afghanistan and protected bin Laden who refuse to handover him. A month after 9/11 the US launched air strikes against Afghanistan and this is known as "operation enduring freedom" against Al-Qaida And Tailem region. Some prisoners were brought to Guantanamo bay , a US naval base in Cuba where international law doesn't apply. Gulf war The gulf war lasted between August 1990 and January 1991 ,was an international conflict that erupted after Iraq , under dictator  Saddam Husain (one of the most cruel ruler in world history.) He invaded Kuwait. The US. mandated the liberation of Kuwait by force. The US President George HW bush. Hailed The emergence of a new World order Coalition force of 6,60000 troops from 34 countries fought against Iraq and defeated it. The first gulf war is also known as operation desert storm ( given by UN) An American general Noman Schwarzkopf led  by UN and coalition nearly 75% force is were from the US. Iraqi president , Saddam Hussein defeated and force to withdraw from Kuwait. The war revealed the vast technological gap between the US military capability and that of other states. Use of smart bombs by US led some observer to call this a "computer war ". Commonwealth Of Independent State Dissolution of USSR , lead to establishment of (CIS.) The founding state of the CIS Included Belarus, Russia And Ukraine. The commonwealth of independent state is a regional intergovernmental organization of the former Soviet republics  which is mainly focuses on political ,economic and environmental issues. Currently there are 12 members Nations part of it.

Ideas Of Development Development ( modernization ) was associated with the ideas of growth, material growth and scientific rationality. However, India adopted mixed economy in which some characteristics of liberal- capitalist model and some are of socialist as in USSR. Planning The planning commission was an institution in the Government of India which formulated India's five year plan. Formed -  15 March,1950 Dissolved -15 August 2014 by PM Narendra Modi Planning commission first chairperson was Jawaharlal Nehru 1950 -1964. Planning commission has been replaced by new institution NITI Aayog NITI AAYOG In the Era of globalization, specially in the 21st century planning commission became ineffective and irrelevant. Hence, during independence day speech on 15 August, 2014 PM Modi did abolition of the planning commission. NITI Aayog is a successor of Planning Commission constituted on 1st January 2015. Objective: To Provide The Necessary And Technical Advice to The Union Government Regarding Policy Making At The Centre And State Levels. The PM Of India Is The Ex Officio Chairman Of NITI Aayog And The Vice Chairperson Of NITI Aayog Appointed By Him. First Vice Chairperson- Arvind Panagariya Current Vice Chairperson- Shri Suman Bery NITI AAYOG acts as think tank of the union government. It works to harmonies the interest of national security and economic policy and to work to prepare strategic and long-term framework of policy and program. NITI Aayog adopted "bottom-up approach" to ensure equal participation of all states in the country The first five year plan (1951 to 1956) K.N. Raj economist involved in drafting the plan. He argued that India should hasten  slowly for the first two decades as fast rate of development might endanger democracy. Objectives:- To reform the country's economy To solve the food problem To raise the standard of living. To provide Social and economic justice. Achievements:- Increase in national income agricultural development industrial production irrigation and railway development The second five year plan (1956 to 1961) From April 1 ,1956 to May 31 ,1961. Purpose of the plan was to establish ' socialist pattern of society". It was drafted by a team of economist and winners under the leadership of PC Mahalanobis. Objectives:- Large of expansion of employment opportunities. Sustainable increase in the national income to raise the level of living. Rapid industrialization with special emphasis on the development on basic and heavy industries. Reduction of inequalities in income and wealth and a more even distribution of economic power. Achievements:- Foreign exchange Agricultural development Power Programmes Industrial development General development The Third Five Year Plan (1961 To 1966) There was a financial crisis ,a foreign exchange crisis, and food crises during third five year plan from 1961-66. This plan designed to provide India a self send rating and self Reliance economy. (continuation of previous plan) Objectives : To secure and income National of over 5% annum, the pattern of investment being designed so as to sustain this rate of growth during the subsequent plans. To achieve self sufficiency in food grains and increase agricultural production to meet the requirement industry and exports. To establish progressively greater equality of opportunity and to bring about reduction in the disparities in income. Achievements National income Agricultural and power development Industrial development Village and small scale industries. Railway development. Decentralized Planning Kerala plan is known as decentralized planning. The development was focus on education, health ,landform, effective food production and poverty alleviation. Despite low per capita incomes and relatively weak industrial base achieved nearly total literacy rate etc. Key Controversies 1. Agriculture versus industry Gandhian economist like J C Kuma Rappa proposed an alternative blueprint that put greater emphasis on rural industrialization. Chaudhary Charan Singh also emphasized on keeping agriculture. 2.Public Vs Private Sector India adopted mixed economy. Much of the agriculture ,trade and industry were left in private hands. State controlled key heavy industries, provided industrial infrastructure , related trade and made some crucial intervention in agriculture. State intervened only in those areas where the private sector was not prepared to go. Major Outcomes 1. Foundations In this period the foundations of India's future economic growth were laid. These included mega dams. (A) Bhangra Nangal dam (B) Hirakund for irrigation and power generation. Some of the heavy industries and public sector- Steel plants. Oil refineries Defense production. Infrastructure for transport and communication was improved substantially. 2.Land reforms Abolition of the colonial system of zamindari This brought small pieces of land together in one place so that the farm of size could become viable for agriculture. Laws were made to put an upper limit or' ceiling' to how much agriculture land one person could own. Tenants  who worked on someone else's land were given legal security against eviction. The Green Revolution 1960 Country faced food crisis during 1940 to 1970. The government adopted a new strategy for agriculture in order to ensure food sufficiency. Provided facilities to small farmers to put more resources and increase production. However  not all farmers Got  benefit of this revolution except Punjab, Haryana ,UP ,etc. farmers more than any state farmers. Consequences Contrast between poor peasantry  and landlords produced. Green revolution resulted  in the rise of middle peasants  sections Operation Flood Operation flood ,launched in 1970 ,was a project of India's National dairy development programme it transform India form milk deficient  nation into the largest milk producer of  word. The process ha s been called the white revolution Amul Cooperative Dairy was the engine behind the success of the program. Dr.Verghese Kurein known as "father of white revolution". Later development Period from 1967 onwards witnessed many new restrictions on private industry. Fourteen private banks were nationalized . Between 1950 and 1980 ,the Indian economy grow at sluggish per annum rate of 3 to 3.5% National Development Council (NDC) National Development Council (NDC) or the Rastriya Vikas Parishad is the apex body for decision making and deliberations on development matters in India presided over by the Prime Minister. National Development Council was set up on August 6, 1952, To strengthen and mobilize the effort and resources of the nation in support of the Plan, to promote common economic policies in all vital spheres, and to ensure the balanced and rapid development of all parts of the country. Appointment and Composition of NDC The National Development Council comprises the following members – Indian Prime Minister All the Union Cabinet Ministers Chief Ministers of all States or their substitutes Representatives of the union territories and The members of the NITI Aayog (erstwhile planning commission). The secretary of the Planning Commission is also the secretary of the NDC. The administrative assistance is also provided by the Planning Commission. The Prime Minister is the Chairman of the Council. The Council ordinarily meets twice a year. It is interesting to note that the Council ordinarily passes no resolution formally. The practice is to have a complete record of discussion and gather out of it general trends pinpointing particular conclusions. Decisions are usually unanimous. Objectives of the National Development Council NDC is an advisory body to the Planning Commission. The major objectives of NDC can be listed below: To strengthen and mobilize the effort and resources of the nation in support of the Plan. To promote common economic policies in all vital spheres. To ensure the balanced and rapid development of all parts of the country. In addition to this, NDC provides a platform for all the states to discuss their problems and issues related to development. Thus, it secures the cooperation of the states in the execution of developmental plans.

Hi people, I'm feeling so great to be back here and writing this blog. It's been almost 6 months to me since I took break from this content creation. I have been an part of content creation since 2017 and I love to create videos on academics. Don't worry, I'm not going to mention my journey here because I have something exciting to share with you all. What is Studyship Crash Course? Crash Course basically means completing syllabus of specific subjects within a time limit. So the syllabus usually it takes a year to complete. I would help to complete within 2 months That's what I do. I help my students in completing their syllabus within 2 months. In my crash course initially we were providing only subjects like history and Political science but from last few month we started for Ba hons. political science Is it a Paid Course ? Hmm,toh fee deni padegi? Yes,it's a paid course. Students have to pay as per their subjects . Fee amount is fixed for every student. But trust me, whatever fee we are asking for it is gonna worth it. Fee which we ask to students is of just the efforts we put into our lectures and from that material we provide to them. For fee regarding info, you can text me on whatsapp:- 6393665726 Will it be live class or recorded sessions? We provide live classes on zoom app,initially we did this on skype then later shifted to zoom. After each session,students can get access to recorded session in case they miss their class due to uncertain reasons. You'll be added into private telegram group there link will be shared daily for classes and you can join sessions. Make sure it's only you who can take classes ,sharing and distribution of class links and material may cause expulsion from our batch. Will you be conducting tests or will provide last year papers? Ok! Something important to discuss. One of the biggest mistake studyship did in its earlier days, we missed students tests despite promising them and I accept my mistake here. And that's why we are more focusing on to provide tests each Sunday from now, yes believe me, we are doing it. I don't want students to keep in dark, we do not provide direct last year paper but the study material which we provide in the beginning of our course is completely based on last year papers. So no worries! For humanities stream students, answer writing is the key. I personally mentor students to improve their answer writing. How can we trust the quality of course? Firstly, studyship do not provide any demo classes so it might be a doubt for you ,what if you won't like the course? That's why we clear everything before the course. It's pretty simple, one thing that I'm damn sure is our lecture quality won't be ever compromised. Secondly, the biggest mistake we did in early days, missed the significance of schedule and this somewhere troubled our students a lot. As I said, earlier days so now it's not gonna be repeated. I'm mentioning here all our previous mistakes too, I don't want to sell you something with fake promises. Yes we did mistake and the good thing is have corrected it. CLASS 12TH CRASH COURSE BA HONS. POL.SCIENCE How can you join the course? For joining course, you just need to fill google form to give your all details. We have started our new batch for session 2022-23 from 11th July,2022. You can register from here for 12th CRASH COURSE. If planning to join course for BA Hons Political science. Payment details are given in the form,one can pay via net banking or UPI as per their convenience. As soon as you'll pay us,send the screenshot on whatsapp as well as attach in google form. After confirmation,you'll be added in telegram group and channel. That's it, my friend Instagram Still have queries? Reach out to us on instagram or whatsapp +6393665726

Studyship Crash Course started in 2020 January, I did it for session 2019-20 session. And successfully joined by around +600 students till now and still joining. This was the first crash course started by me for humanities stream students, as there weren't any such courses for Humanities/Arts students. But what we do in crash course,what I provide them in course? What is Studyship Crash Course? Crash Course basically means completing syllabus of specific subjects with a time limit. So the syllabus for which it takes a year to complete, with the help of a teacher. That's what I do. I help my students in completing their syllabus within 2 months. In my crash course initially we were providing only subjects like history and Political science but from last month we started for Geography and Economics too. Is it a Paid Course ? Hmm,toh fee deni padegi? Yes,it's a paid course. Students have to pay as per their subjects . Fee amount is fixed for every student. But trust me, whatever fee we are asking for it is gonna worth it. Fee which we ask to students is of just the efforts we put into our lectures and from that material we provide to them. For fee regarding info, you can text us on whatsapp:- 6393665726 Will it be live class or recorded sessions? We provide live classes on zoom app,initially we did this on skype then later shifted to zoom. After each session,students can get access to recorded session in case they miss their class due to uncertain reasons. You'll be added into private telegram group there link will be shared daily for classes and you can join sessions. Will you be conducting tests or will provide last year papers? Ok! Something important to discuss. One of the biggest mistake studyship did in its earlier days, we missed students tests despite promising them and I accept my mistake here. And that's why we are more focusing on to provide tests each Sunday from now, yes believe me, we are doing it. I don't want students to keep in dark, we do not provide direct last year paper but the study material which we provide in the beginning of our course is completely based on last year papers. So no worries! How can we trust the quality of course? Firstly, studyship do not provide any demo classes so it might be a doubt for you ,what if you won't like the course? That's why we clear everything before the course. It's pretty simple, one thing that I'm damn sure is our lecture quality won't be ever compromised. Secondly, the biggest mistake we did in early days, missed the significance of schedule and this somewhere troubled our students a lot. As I said, earlier days so now it's not gonna be repeated. I'm mentioning here all our previous mistakes too, I don't want to sell you something with fake promises. Yes we did mistake and the good thing is have corrected it. How can we join the course? I'm ready to join right now. For joining course, you just need to fill our google form to give your all details. We have started our new batch for session 2021-22 from 11th June of this month. Below I'll provide link of form in order to register for the course. Payment details are given in form,one can pay us via net banking or UPI as per their convenience. As soon as you'll pay us,send the screenshot to us on whatsapp as well as attach in google form. After confirmation,you'll be added in telegram group and channel. That's it,all the study material will be shared with you and you'll be with us for next 2 months. Form link to register Instagram Still have queries? Reach out to us on instagram or whatsapp +6393665726

Remember goofing around in our classrooms with our friends regarding plans after 12th?? I'm sure you would have done this. As soon as we go apart after schools ,our plans get changed so our paths. If you wandering to take admission in DU and looking around ki yrr course konsa le,toh mein hu naa. I'm your DU buddy to help you in choosing the right course for you. So let's get in to know more. Why DU Courses are popular among its students? Securing admission in DU isn't a difficult task but yup securing admission in DU with one's choice course is actually not a cup of cake for everyone. Delhi university is among one of the top universities in India. It's courses popular among its students not only because of their curriculum but also because the way they get to know about that specific field beyond books or traditional method. The way students get introduced to its topic is actually unique in comparison to any other university in India. Well qualified professors and their friendly nature actually enhance student's experience What are most popular courses in DU for UG Courses? See popularity really matters,it tells scope and other aspects help you out in choosing the right one for you. All the courses list here I'm gonna share with you in on the basis of last few years. 1. ENGLISH HONORS English honors is the top course among DU students. According to 2019, 1,42,970 students registered for English hons. If you are the one who loves literature, read and write poetry, read novels, then this is the course for you to discover yourself, here you go! 2. BA. HONS POLITICAL SCIENCE To get in DU 's top colleges for political science is tough task bruh! According to 2019, 1,30,240 students registered for this course, merely for nearly 3,000 seats. Don't you think it is difficult just like UPSC, may be it is! 3. BA PROGRAMME Not everyone want to to go for Hons ,some just don't wanted to be discipline specific, so they opt for simple BA programme course. Around 1,25,519 registration were received to this course and you know what, DU provides more admissions in programme in contrast to honors. 4. BA (Hons) Economics Eco hons is the choice popularly among commerce and arts stream students. 1,24,538 total registration were received to this course. Point should be noted here buddy,DU doesn't accept applications for this course if candidate do not have maths in their 12th. 5. HISTORY HONORS Do not go for this course merely because you wanna prepare for UPSC and history honos could be your optional, nope big mistake guys! Opt for this course only because you don't want any page of history unturn for yourself. 1,20,590 registration for history honors in 2019. CONCLUSION Hence there are many courses as well besides these 5 courses. You should not conclude this article as there isn't scope in any other courses. To sum up all,my only advice to you people is go as per your interest rather than popularity or crowd. Without interest in particular course merely because other's were going for it gonna waste your 3 years of graduation. So choose wisely!

Some are happy some are not ,but the reality of session 2020-21 students is actually ,they have cleared their most important year of school time "CLASS 12" without giving boards. Congratulations, like finally you are in college guys. As exciting buddy you might have started doing research for your dream University up to now isn't it ?? And if it's DU, hey buddy I'm here to help you. But yrr karna kaise hai,I mean I'm not from CBSE board and what about registration and all. Just chill and let's see how DU works for students. How to register for DU? DU is likely to start its registration from 15th of July unlike last year by the end of June,2020. Each year lakhs of students register for their Dream University among them only few gets selected as per their cut off. As per 2020 data, 557693 students registered for admission to Delhi University undergraduate courses while 348287 students have paid registration fees till August 30. Registration process is pretty simple, just visit DU official website http://oldweb.du.ac.in/ , register when DU release it's official notification regarding registration procedure until then keep tracking. What is best of four criteria ? You might have heard a lot about DU's unique way of listing out students in merit list for UG courses. Let me simplify you, it's just DU do not consider all subjects of yours of class 12th. Student's best of four percentage for DU colleges will include two academic or elective subjects, one language and the subject in which the admission is being sought (specifically for Honors courses) In case student's have studied both elective and core in any languages, the core language( Hindi, English or any other) will be treated as language. Beside this, the elective language is considered as the elective/ academic subject. Still not cleared up with best of four concept? Let me give you some examples: When I took admission in DU back then 2019, I had subjects like History, Political Science, Geography, Physical education and English. If we apply DU's criteria I was allowed to add two elective subjects, one language subject and fourth the one in which I was seeking to take admission. What was my best of four? I wanna pursue political science hons, so it was essential for me to add this subject but what if someone who wants to take admission in the one which is not their subject, Oops! Then face the 2.5% deduction. Thank god! I didn't. Next, I added my English marks and two electives History(Core subject) and Physical education ( as this was optional in my school with Hindi). But I faced deduction of 2.5%. Wait, where and how? I added physical education which is not considered as elective subject as per list A of DU. I couldn't add Geo marks, I scored lesser in geo in comparison to Physical education. So by adding Geo marks my best of four was 90% and excluding Geo and adding Physical cut off was 93.5%. Even if I deduct 2.5% because added physical then total was 91.5%. Bro in DU 1% difference can actually bring you from Hindu college to Gargi. However there are some exceptional cases too like given below: Pursuing hons in a subject which wasn't in 12th, would bring deduction of 2.5% Changing stream can cause deduction of 2.5% ( For last year stream changing students were given relaxation, means no deduction) Economics Hons in DU without Mathematics isn't possible. You must have math's in 12th Legal Studies, Music, Painting such subjects aren't considered in elective so means deduction guys here again for 2.5% Two language subjects can't be added in best of four ( Adding Hindi & English, no way!) For taking admission in BA (program) in DU Admissions, all five subjects will be considered while calculating the final percentage. For admission to Honors in any language program in DU Admissions, the candidates will be given an advantage of 2% in the 'best four', but must have studied that subject in school. Conclusion Best of four is a unique feature that DU got to take admissions of lakhs of students each year. It might be bit complex in order to understand in the beginning but trust me it's not. Criteria is different for various courses such as B.Sc., B.Com, BA Programme or BA Honors etc. To know more you can check my video on my channel StudyshipWithKrati2 And for more queries ,reach out to me directly ask me on my instagram Kratisahu2605

Making notes neither an art nor any rocket science, so don't need to worry whether you are an average or intelligent remember 'You can do it'. Every student know how important it is to make notes during board examinations or while preparing for any competitive examinations. No one have this much of time to go through whole book before giving exams. But in case you have notes ,then it makes your task of revision pretty easier as well as organized. And this task may be toughest for those who find NCERT difficult. No worries ,Studyship is here to help you! FEW TIPS TO REMEMBER BEFORE MAKING NOTES I was literally worst when it come to making notes,because there was something that I used to miss while making notes. And it was diving into river before learning how to swim. Don't do this. Never make notes if you haven't read NCERT and infact true for all type of note making. Even if you dare to do so,then I'm damn sure,you gonna end of copying whole chapter in your notebook. I have made this mistake. So what should you do now? Read chapter once- Whenever you decide to make notes, read chapter thrice(yes, I said right). But try to do read at least once. Doing so give you an rough idea about the topics. What's important and what's not. Take references- Not only NCERT, you can take reference of other books too, in case you think NCERT lacking points for any particular topic. Refer some sites for it basically those provide UPSC content (or arts stream student). Literally articles on these sites are damn good! Best for extra info Don't make it rainbow- I wanna laugh hard onto this point😂,because sometimes I still do it. We are making notes ,not doing an art project. I do understand while making notes "saari bhawnaye bahar nikalti hai". But we need to keep it crystal and clear. If you think you take too much time in deciding which color to use, then leave it. Use any two color ,should be enough to differentiate between heading and sub-heading. Baaki,if you think ,you can use various pens without creating mess then go ahead my friend! FEW TIPS TO REMEMBER WHILE MAKING NOTES Not everything is important- We make notes ,to avoid those lengthy chapter reading before exams right? It means not everything ,given into our book is important. Pick up only things which you consider are important. After all, these are your notes,should be obvious for you. Use points and keywords- If w e make notes ,to avoid those lengthy chapter reading before exams right? It means not everything ,given into our book is important. Pick "kyonki 1 marks toh ussi se aate hai bhai". If you don't want to read boxes again and again, then don't avoid them like fufaji in every indian marriage. They will tease you later for sure. those keywords to save your time. These keywords save you at a moment when you think ,you are leaving something and suddenly your fun creating keywords hit your mind. Make use of boxes info- In NCERT, almost in each book ,we get boxes (arts students can't avoid those). Those boxes are meant to be there ,just to confuse during exams "kyonki 1 marks toh ussi se aate hai bhai". If you don't want to read boxes again and again,then don't avoid them like fufaji in every indian marriage. They will tease you later for sure. Opt for lucid language- 'Oh bhai,shakespeare ke rishtedaar'. You don't need to write your notes to impress anyone .So use language which makes you comfortable. Don't use fancy words if you can't get them. If can, then no issues. Short and simple- That's it, here you go guys. You just prepared best notes for you. Keep it simple and short. Do let me know guys, how were these tips. And are you ready to prepare your own notes notes? Comment below, Studyship always welcome its audience feedback!