Social Welfare Administration
Definition: A field applying scientific processes to promote social work practices within administration, focusing on social services, dignity, human relationships, and individual worth.
Purpose: Translates social policies, programs, and legislation into practice to address social issues.
Understanding Social Welfare
Definition: Encompasses the shared problems and solutions of a large group of people, including social interventions aimed at enhancing social functioning (e.g., social services and programs).
Antiquity of Social Welfare
Evolution: From benevolent works to organized activities, social reform movements, and public services aimed at benefiting and protecting individuals and families.
Social Welfare Administration
Function: Involves policies and processes of social institutions to efficiently deliver services to the community.
Requirements: Administrative, financial, and legal regulations for effective service delivery.
Objectives of Social Welfare Administration
Protection and Law & Order: Maintain national security and civil order.
Economic Development: Develop work capabilities, increase industrial productivity.
Civil Security: Provide solutions for emergencies and reduce criminal activities.
Contribution to Economic Development
Enhancement: Improves work capabilities, industrial productivity, and relations among industrialists, managers, and workers.
Support: Provides education, technology, housing, and health services.
Stabilization: Ensures progressive living standards, prevents income wastage, and provides welfare services.
Social Development
Provisions: Nutrition, health, education, training, and employment for maximum manpower development.
Programs: Welfare initiatives for women, children, youth, elderly, laborers, poor, socially disabled, handicapped, and diseased individuals.
Social Institutions
Types: Government institutions and voluntary institutions funded by the community.
Central Social Welfare Board (CSWB): Established in 1953 to develop technical, organizational, administrative, and financial aspects of voluntary organizations.
Concept of Social Welfare
Definition: "A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being."
Shift: From laissez-faire to the welfare state, emphasizing a minimum standard of economic and social security for all citizens.
Responsibilities of the Welfare State
Fundamental Needs: Ensure food, shelter, and security.
Core Policy: Help individuals in adverse circumstances.
Welfare in Sociological Context
Institution: Assists individuals and groups in achieving satisfactory standards of life and health.
Social Welfare vs. Individual Welfare
Difference: Social welfare is not just the sum of individual welfare but also considers contradictory interests.
Jeremy Bentham's Perspective
Community: Viewed as a fictitious body of individuals, with community interest as the sum of the interests of its members.
Social Welfare Definitions
Provision: Systematized provision of resources and services to solve social problems.
Intervention: Aimed at boosting or continuing social works in society.
Approaches to Social Welfare
Correctional: Legal and administrative reforms (e.g., labor laws).
Protective: Social security programs against risks like accidents, sickness, unemployment.
Democratic: Shared responsibility between state and individuals.
Community: Community efforts to develop social welfare programs.
Self-help: Encourages cooperative efforts for social welfare.
Residual and Institutional Models
Residual Model: Welfare as a last resort, cost-effective but limited.
Institutional Model: Universal welfare, comprehensive but expensive, and criticized by limited government supporters.
Comparison of Models
Residual Welfare Model
Focus: Aid to the needy, short-term services, requires proof of need, stigmatizing.
Institutional Welfare Model
Focus: Universal aid, preventive services, right-based, non-discriminatory, aims to maintain living standards for all.
Social Welfare in India
Traditional Indian Approach
Principles: Dharma, alms, mercy, dakshina, renunciation.
Values: Self-sacrifice, self-government, helpful thoughts, and collective welfare.
Ancient Origins
Evolution: From disorganized groups to structured societies addressing poverty and disease, leading to labor division and social welfare development.
Constitutional Guarantees
Indian Constitution: Guarantees political, socio-economic justice, unity, dignity, and social welfare through Directive Principles of State Policy.
Key Articles
Article 38: Promotes welfare and justice.
Article 39a: Equal right to livelihood.
Article 43: Provides work, wage, and standard of living.
Article 41: Public assistance for unemployment, old age, disease.
Article 46: Protects weaker sections from injustice and exploitation.
Social Welfare Administration in India
Post-Independence: Adoption of CSWB (1953), state-level boards, Department of Social Security (1960, now Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment).
Programs: Welfare for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, women, children, minorities, vulnerable groups.
Right to Education in India
International Context
UN Declaration: Guarantees free education in elementary stages for personality and dignity development.
Views on Education
Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan: Medium for change.
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar: Dispel ignorance.
Amartya Sen: Essential for freedom and fulfilling life.
Constitutional Provisions
Concurrent List: Allows central legislation.
International Commitments: UNCRC, MDG, SDG, SAARC Declaration.
Historical Context
Post-Independence: Low literacy and enrollment rates, focus on universal free elementary education.
Right to Education Act, 2009
Fundamental Right: Free and compulsory education for children aged 6-14.
Challenges: Quality, accessibility, basic literacy skills, substandard education.
National Education Policy (NEP) 2020
Goals: Universal education by 2040, quality, accessibility, affordability, holistic development, vocational education, addressing disparities.
National Health Mission in India
Context of Health
Challenges: Health infrastructure, sanitation, disease transmission, poverty, poor living conditions, hygiene, air pollution, lack of safe drinking water, nutritious food.
Historical Perspective
Improvements: Increased life expectancy, more hospitals and doctors, health-related expenditure.
National Health Mission
Components: Rural and Urban Health Missions, RMNCH+A, combating diseases.
Objectives: Reduce fertility, infant mortality, maternal mortality, combat diseases, improve health systems.
Challenges and Criticisms
Funding: Low public health expenditure, need for increased investment.
Ayushman Bharat Program
Launch: 2018, improve healthcare at all levels.
Components: PM-JAY, Health and Wellness Centers.
Aim: Financial protection, affordable healthcare.
Current Health Data
Expenditure: 1.6% of GDP.
Doctor-population ratio: 1:1456.
IMR: 32 per 1000 live births.
MMR: 113 per 100,000 live births.
TFR: 2.2.
Conclusion
Importance: Social welfare is crucial for India's development and democracy.
Government's Role: Essential in implementing policies, addressing challenges.
Approach: Flexible and combined methods needed for effective social welfare.
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