NCERT CLASS 12th HISTORY CHAPTER 1 BRICKS, BEADS AND BONES NOTES
1. Beginnings
These cultures were associated with distinctive pottery, evidence of agriculture and pastoralism, and Some crafts.
Settlements were generally small.
Reasons for a break between Early Harappan and the Harappan civilization was large-scale burning at some sites.
2. Subsistence Strategies
The Harappan ate a wide range of plant and animals products, including fish
Archaeologists reconstructed dietary practices from finds of charred Grains and Seeds.
Grains found at Harappan Sites include wheat, barley, lentil, chickpea and Sesame.
Millets are found from sites jn Gujrat
Animals bone found at Harappan sites includes those of cattle, sheep, goat, buffalo and pig.
2.1 Agricultural technologies
Seals and terracotta Sculpture indicate that bull was known and given as evidence for ploughing (Choliston & Banawali)
Evidence of a ploughed field also found at kalibangan (Rajasthan)
Pattern of growing crop
The field had two sets of furrows at right angles to each other.
Location of Harappan Sites mostly are in semi arid lands (because of the irrigation facilities)
traces of canals found at -
Shortughai in Afghanistan
traces of reservoirs-
Dholavira (Gujrat)
3. Mohanjodaro
A planned urban center
The settlement is divided into two Sections
Citadel | The Lower Town |
---|---|
Smaller but higher | Lower Town Much larger but lower |
Constructed |